After completing a master’s degree, many graduates begin exploring advanced paths to deepen their expertise and open doors to high-level professional roles. One of the most prestigious and structured options is the PhD program.

This advanced academic journey is designed for those who wish to specialize in a specific area of study through years of focused research and academic training.

For Lykkers interested in shaping knowledge, contributing to research, or building a future in higher education or research-intensive environments, understanding how a PhD works is essential. This guide breaks down everything needed to get started—from what the program involves to how to apply, how long it takes, and the career prospects it offers afterward.

Understanding the PhD Path

What a PhD Represents?

A PhD program is the highest level of academic qualification available within the education system. Established in 1980, it is a structured path focused on advanced training in a specific scientific or technical area.

Participation is limited, and those admitted work toward developing deep research skills, culminating in the presentation of an original thesis.

The Goal of the Program

The program equips participants with specialized knowledge and critical analytical tools. The experience also includes collaboration with experts and practical engagement in scholarly activities, such as publishing, attending conferences, and contributing to research projects.

How the PhD Works?

Structure and Commitment

The program typically lasts between three and five years, depending on the institution. During this time, participants attend advanced courses, conduct original research, and write periodic reports to demonstrate progress.

These reports are reviewed by academic panels, and satisfactory evaluations are necessary to continue.

Different Academic Approaches

Some programs emphasize theoretical research and scientific methodology. Others focus more on developing a research proposal presented during the admission process. Participants may also engage in external internships, seminars, or supervised projects at international institutions.

Final Thesis and Evaluation

Completion of the program requires submission of a thesis based on research conducted over the course of the study. This document is then publicly discussed in front of an academic committee. The final evaluation determines the awarding of the PhD title.

Admission Process

Application Requirements

Access to a PhD program is granted through a competitive public selection process. Most programs require one of the following degrees: a specialist degree, a master’s degree, or a recognized equivalent qualification from another country.

No restrictions exist concerning age or nationality.

The Admission Steps

Each university or research institute can issue its own call for applications, usually published on their official websites or in the national public notice register. Applicants typically need to submit a résumé, a letter outlining academic motivation, and a brief research proposal.

Entrance Exams

Admission usually involves two stages: a written test and a face-to-face interview. A board composed of three university professors evaluates the candidate’s preparation and the potential of the research idea. Success in both parts of the exam is essential to securing a place.

Funding and Participation

Study Grant Options

Around half of the available positions each year come with financial support in the form of a scholarship. These grants cover living expenses and often include exemption from tuition payments. The value of the grant is defined annually; for instance, in 2022 it was set at over €16,000.

Unfunded Participation

Admission without a grant is also possible. These participants must cover academic fees but follow the same academic obligations, including attending seminars, conducting research, and writing reports. Both types of candidates must meet all program expectations without exception.

Interruption and Suspension

Temporary suspension of studies can be granted in cases such as illness, injury, or maternity. These interruptions must be justified and documented. When funded, grant payments are paused during the suspension period.

Career Opportunities

Academic Pathways

Earning a PhD opens up opportunities primarily in the academic and research sectors. It can serve as a gateway to university-level teaching positions. However, further qualifications are usually needed to apply for senior academic roles.

Public and Private Sector Roles

Outside academia, the title is recognized as an asset in public administration and in private enterprises engaged in high-level research and innovation. A PhD demonstrates strong problem-solving ability, in-depth specialization, and experience managing complex projects.

In Summary

A PhD is a significant step for Lykkers who are considering a future in research, education, or innovation-based careers. It offers a unique opportunity to develop critical thinking, deepen academic knowledge, and contribute to advancements in specialized fields. Although demanding, this path can unlock diverse and rewarding career possibilities both in national and international contexts.